South Sudan.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/08/sudan.expatriates.hope/index.htmlAs part of a peace deal between the North and South to end a brutal civil war, the South held a referendum on independence early this year and was granted such. (North) Sudan was the first country to officially recognize the new nation, so at least that part went peacefully (this time).
Wikipedia already has a quite a large entry on the country:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_SudanThe article has been evolving since the referendum. Pretty impressive.
(Yeah, I know Wikipedia isn't always right, but it's accuracy is pretty freakin' amazing, IMHO)
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